

In major production regions like Chile, Mexico and California the water demands of avocado farms place strain on local sources. The nutrient density and extremely high fat content of avocado flesh are useful to a variety of cuisines and are often eaten to enrich vegetarian diets. For commercial purposes the fruits are picked while unripe and ripened after harvesting. Depending on the cultivar, avocados have green, brown, purplish, or black skin, and may be pear-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical.

The fruit of domestic varieties have smooth, buttery, golden-green flesh when ripe. Mexico is the world's leading producer of avocados as of 2020, supplying nearly 30% of the global harvest in that year. Avocados are presently cultivated in the tropical and Mediterranean climates of many countries. Avocado trees are partly self-pollinating, and are often propagated through grafting to maintain consistent fruit output. Its fruit, sometimes also referred to as an alligator or avocado pear, is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed. The tree likely originated in the highlands bridging south-central Mexico and Guatemala. Then as now it was prized for its large and unusually oily fruit. It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated by Mesoamerican tribes more than 5,000 years ago. The avocado ( Persea americana) is a medium-sized, evergreen tree in the laurel family ( Lauraceae).
